| Definition | Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem chromosome, complete genome. |
|---|---|
| Accession | NC_011146 |
| Length | 4,615,150 |
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The map label for this gene is ppdK [H]
Identifier: 197117041
GI number: 197117041
Start: 764605
End: 767349
Strand: Direct
Name: ppdK [H]
Synonym: Gbem_0644
Alternate gene names: 197117041
Gene position: 764605-767349 (Clockwise)
Preceding gene: 197117040
Following gene: 197117042
Centisome position: 16.57
GC content: 65.57
Gene sequence:
>2745_bases ATGGGAACGAAGTATGTGTACTTTTTCGGCGCCGGCAAGGCGGACGGCAACGCCAAGATGAAGGAGCTTCTGGGCGGTAA GGGGGCGAACCTCGCCGAGATGACCAGCATCGGTCTCCCGGTCCCCGCCGGCTTCACCATCAGCACCGAAGTCTGCACCG AGTACTACAAGAACGACCGCAACTACCCTTCCTCCTTGGCGGCCGAGGTGGAAAAGAACCTGGCCCAGGTCGAGGCGCTT ATGGGGAAGAAGTTCGGCGACGCCAAGAACCCGCTCCTGGTCTCGGTCCGCTCCGGCGCCCGCGCCTCTATGCCCGGCAT GATGGACACCATCCTGAACCTGGGTCTTAACGACACCACGGTGCAGGGGATCATCGCGCAGTCCGGCGACGAGCGCTTCG CCTACGACGCCTACCGCCGCTTCGTGCAGATGTACTCCGACGTGGTGATGGGGATGCCCAAGGACGAGATGGAGCACCTC CTGGAGCAGAAGAAGGACGCCCGCGGCGTGCACCTCGACACCGACCTCAAGGCATCCGACTGGAAGGAGCTCGTGGGCGA GTTCAAGGCGAAGGTCAAGGCGACCCTGGGGGTAGAGTTCCCCGAGGACCCGAAAGAGCAGCTTTGGGGCGCCATCGGCG CCGTGTTCGGCTCCTGGATGAACCAGCGCGCCATCACCTACAGAAGGCTCAACAGCATCCCCGCCGACTGGGGCACCGCC GTCAACGTGCAGTCCATGGTGTTCGGCAACATGGGTAACGACTGCGCCACCGGCGTCGCCTTCACCCGCGACCCCTCTAC CGGCGAGAACTACTTCTACGGCGAGTACCTGGTGAACGCCCAGGGCGAGGACGTCGTCGCCGGCATCCGCACCCCGCAGC CGATCAACAGGGCCAAGTACAAGCCGGGCGACCTCCCCAGCATGGAGGAGGTGCTCCCCGAGTGCTATAAGCAACTGGCC GAGATCCGCGACATCCTGGAGCGCCACTACCAGGACATGCAGGACATCGAGTTCACCATCGAGAAGGGAATCCTCTACAT GCTGCAGTGCAGAAGCGGCAAGAGGACGGCCAAGGCGGCCATCAAGATCGCGGTGGACATGGTGGCTGAGAAGCTTATCG ACGAGAAGACCGCCGTGCTGCGCGTAGCTCCCAATCAGCTGGACCAGCTCTTGCACCCCTCCCTCGACCCGAAGGCCGAT AAGAAGGTGATAGCCAAGGGGCTTCCGGCCTCGCCTGGGGCCGCTTCCGGCGAGGTGGTCTTCACCGCCGACGAGGCAGA GACGCTGGCGAAGCTCGGGCACAAGGTGATCCTGGTCCGCGTCGAGACCTCCCCCGAGGACATCCACGGCATGCACGCGG CGCAGGGCATCCTGACCGCCCGCGGCGGCATGACCTCCCACGCGGCGGTCGTCGCCCGCGGCATGGGCAAATGCTGCGTG GCCGGCTGCGGCGACATCAAGGTCGACTACAATCAGGCGCAGTTCGTAGCCAAGGACGGGAGCGTGATCAAGAAAGGGGA CGTCATCACTCTCGACGGCTCCACCGGCGAGGTGATGAAGGGCGCGGTCGCGACCGTCGCCGCCGGCGTAGGCGGTGACT TCGGCACCCTGATGGGTTGGGTAGACAAGTTCCGCAGGATGAAGGTCCGCGCCAACGCCGACACCCCGCACGACGCGAAG ACCGCCCGCGACTTCGGCGCCGAGGGGATCGGCCTTTGCCGCACCGAGCACATGTTCTTCGAAGCGGACCGCATCGCGGC GGTGCGCGAGATGATCCTCTCCGCGGACCTGGAAGGCAGGAAGAAGGCGCTCGCCAAGATCCTCCCGATGCAAAAGGGCG ACTTCAAGGGGCTCTTCCGCGAGATGAAGGGGCTTCCGGTCACCATCCGCCTCCTCGATCCGCCGCTGCACGAGTTCCTC CCCCAGGAGGAGAAGGACATCGAGGCGCTCTCCGCCACCATGGGGGTCTCGGTGCAGACCCTGAAGCACAAGGTCGAGTT CCTGCACGAGTTCAACCCGATGCTCGGGCACCGCGGCTGCCGCCTCGGCATCACCTTCCCGGAGATCTACGACATGCAGG TGCAGGCCATCATGGAGGCTGCCTGCGAGCTGGTGAAGGAAGAGGGCTTCGACATCGTCCCCGAGATCATGATCCCGCTG GTGGCAACGACCAAGGAACTCGCGGTGCTGCGCGCCAACTCGGTCGGGGTCTGCGAGGACGTGATCAAGCGCTACGCCGT GAAGGTTGAGTACCTGATCGGGACCATGATCGAGCTCCCCCGCGCGGCCATCACCGCCGACGCCATCGCGGCCGAGGCCG AATTCTTCTCCTTCGGCACCAACGACCTGACCCAGACCACCTTCGGTCTCTCCCGCGACGACGCCGGCAAGTTCCTCCCC TTCTACGTGGAGAACGGCCTCCTCGAGGACGACCCGTTCGTGACCCTGGACCAGCAGGGGGTAGGCGAGCTGGTGCGCAT GGGTTGCCAGAAGGGGCGCCAGACCCGTCCCGGGATCAAGCTAGGCATCTGCGGCGAGCACGGCGGCGACCCGGCCTCAG TCATCTTCTGCGACTCAGTCGGGCTCGACTACGTCTCCTGCTCCCCCTTCCGGGTACCCATCGCGCGCCTGTCCGCCGCC CACGCCACGCTGAACGCCGAGGCGAAGGCCGCCTCCGCGGCGAAGGGATGCGGCTGCGGGGGAAAGGGGAGTGACGCCTC GCAGCAGCCCGCGGCGACCGCCTGA
Upstream 100 bases:
>100_bases GTACGCGCCTGGAACCCAGGCCGGCGGCTGTTTGCCTTTCAAAAAATAATTTGTATACGTTAAGCTTGGGACTTATTAAA AACATCTAAGGAGGATTTCA
Downstream 100 bases:
>100_bases TTCCCGCATGCTGCACCCGGCAAAGGTGTCGCCTGTAGCCGGCAGACTTGACACTTTTTCCGTAAACGTGTAATAGGGCA GGCAGCAGATGCGTCGAAGA
Product: pyruvate phosphate dikinase
Products: NA
Alternate protein names: Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase [H]
Number of amino acids: Translated: 914; Mature: 913
Protein sequence:
>914_residues MGTKYVYFFGAGKADGNAKMKELLGGKGANLAEMTSIGLPVPAGFTISTEVCTEYYKNDRNYPSSLAAEVEKNLAQVEAL MGKKFGDAKNPLLVSVRSGARASMPGMMDTILNLGLNDTTVQGIIAQSGDERFAYDAYRRFVQMYSDVVMGMPKDEMEHL LEQKKDARGVHLDTDLKASDWKELVGEFKAKVKATLGVEFPEDPKEQLWGAIGAVFGSWMNQRAITYRRLNSIPADWGTA VNVQSMVFGNMGNDCATGVAFTRDPSTGENYFYGEYLVNAQGEDVVAGIRTPQPINRAKYKPGDLPSMEEVLPECYKQLA EIRDILERHYQDMQDIEFTIEKGILYMLQCRSGKRTAKAAIKIAVDMVAEKLIDEKTAVLRVAPNQLDQLLHPSLDPKAD KKVIAKGLPASPGAASGEVVFTADEAETLAKLGHKVILVRVETSPEDIHGMHAAQGILTARGGMTSHAAVVARGMGKCCV AGCGDIKVDYNQAQFVAKDGSVIKKGDVITLDGSTGEVMKGAVATVAAGVGGDFGTLMGWVDKFRRMKVRANADTPHDAK TARDFGAEGIGLCRTEHMFFEADRIAAVREMILSADLEGRKKALAKILPMQKGDFKGLFREMKGLPVTIRLLDPPLHEFL PQEEKDIEALSATMGVSVQTLKHKVEFLHEFNPMLGHRGCRLGITFPEIYDMQVQAIMEAACELVKEEGFDIVPEIMIPL VATTKELAVLRANSVGVCEDVIKRYAVKVEYLIGTMIELPRAAITADAIAAEAEFFSFGTNDLTQTTFGLSRDDAGKFLP FYVENGLLEDDPFVTLDQQGVGELVRMGCQKGRQTRPGIKLGICGEHGGDPASVIFCDSVGLDYVSCSPFRVPIARLSAA HATLNAEAKAASAAKGCGCGGKGSDASQQPAATA
Sequences:
>Translated_914_residues MGTKYVYFFGAGKADGNAKMKELLGGKGANLAEMTSIGLPVPAGFTISTEVCTEYYKNDRNYPSSLAAEVEKNLAQVEAL MGKKFGDAKNPLLVSVRSGARASMPGMMDTILNLGLNDTTVQGIIAQSGDERFAYDAYRRFVQMYSDVVMGMPKDEMEHL LEQKKDARGVHLDTDLKASDWKELVGEFKAKVKATLGVEFPEDPKEQLWGAIGAVFGSWMNQRAITYRRLNSIPADWGTA VNVQSMVFGNMGNDCATGVAFTRDPSTGENYFYGEYLVNAQGEDVVAGIRTPQPINRAKYKPGDLPSMEEVLPECYKQLA EIRDILERHYQDMQDIEFTIEKGILYMLQCRSGKRTAKAAIKIAVDMVAEKLIDEKTAVLRVAPNQLDQLLHPSLDPKAD KKVIAKGLPASPGAASGEVVFTADEAETLAKLGHKVILVRVETSPEDIHGMHAAQGILTARGGMTSHAAVVARGMGKCCV AGCGDIKVDYNQAQFVAKDGSVIKKGDVITLDGSTGEVMKGAVATVAAGVGGDFGTLMGWVDKFRRMKVRANADTPHDAK TARDFGAEGIGLCRTEHMFFEADRIAAVREMILSADLEGRKKALAKILPMQKGDFKGLFREMKGLPVTIRLLDPPLHEFL PQEEKDIEALSATMGVSVQTLKHKVEFLHEFNPMLGHRGCRLGITFPEIYDMQVQAIMEAACELVKEEGFDIVPEIMIPL VATTKELAVLRANSVGVCEDVIKRYAVKVEYLIGTMIELPRAAITADAIAAEAEFFSFGTNDLTQTTFGLSRDDAGKFLP FYVENGLLEDDPFVTLDQQGVGELVRMGCQKGRQTRPGIKLGICGEHGGDPASVIFCDSVGLDYVSCSPFRVPIARLSAA HATLNAEAKAASAAKGCGCGGKGSDASQQPAATA >Mature_913_residues GTKYVYFFGAGKADGNAKMKELLGGKGANLAEMTSIGLPVPAGFTISTEVCTEYYKNDRNYPSSLAAEVEKNLAQVEALM GKKFGDAKNPLLVSVRSGARASMPGMMDTILNLGLNDTTVQGIIAQSGDERFAYDAYRRFVQMYSDVVMGMPKDEMEHLL EQKKDARGVHLDTDLKASDWKELVGEFKAKVKATLGVEFPEDPKEQLWGAIGAVFGSWMNQRAITYRRLNSIPADWGTAV NVQSMVFGNMGNDCATGVAFTRDPSTGENYFYGEYLVNAQGEDVVAGIRTPQPINRAKYKPGDLPSMEEVLPECYKQLAE IRDILERHYQDMQDIEFTIEKGILYMLQCRSGKRTAKAAIKIAVDMVAEKLIDEKTAVLRVAPNQLDQLLHPSLDPKADK KVIAKGLPASPGAASGEVVFTADEAETLAKLGHKVILVRVETSPEDIHGMHAAQGILTARGGMTSHAAVVARGMGKCCVA GCGDIKVDYNQAQFVAKDGSVIKKGDVITLDGSTGEVMKGAVATVAAGVGGDFGTLMGWVDKFRRMKVRANADTPHDAKT ARDFGAEGIGLCRTEHMFFEADRIAAVREMILSADLEGRKKALAKILPMQKGDFKGLFREMKGLPVTIRLLDPPLHEFLP QEEKDIEALSATMGVSVQTLKHKVEFLHEFNPMLGHRGCRLGITFPEIYDMQVQAIMEAACELVKEEGFDIVPEIMIPLV ATTKELAVLRANSVGVCEDVIKRYAVKVEYLIGTMIELPRAAITADAIAAEAEFFSFGTNDLTQTTFGLSRDDAGKFLPF YVENGLLEDDPFVTLDQQGVGELVRMGCQKGRQTRPGIKLGICGEHGGDPASVIFCDSVGLDYVSCSPFRVPIARLSAAH ATLNAEAKAASAAKGCGCGGKGSDASQQPAATA
Specific function: Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of pyruvate and phosphate [H]
COG id: COG0574
COG function: function code G; Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase/pyruvate phosphate dikinase
Gene ontology:
Cell location: Cytoplasm [C]
Metaboloic importance: Non_Essential [C]
Operon status: Not Known
Operon components: None
Similarity: Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family [H]
Homologues:
Organism=Escherichia coli, GI1788756, Length=464, Percent_Identity=24.7844827586207, Blast_Score=100, Evalue=3e-22, Organism=Escherichia coli, GI1788726, Length=359, Percent_Identity=25.3481894150418, Blast_Score=87, Evalue=5e-18, Organism=Escherichia coli, GI1789193, Length=482, Percent_Identity=24.0663900414938, Blast_Score=78, Evalue=3e-15, Organism=Escherichia coli, GI48994992, Length=459, Percent_Identity=22.8758169934641, Blast_Score=69, Evalue=1e-12,
Paralogues:
None
Copy number: 360 Molecules/Cell In: Growth Phase, Minimal Media (Based on E. coli). 2659 Molecules/Cell In: Growth Phase, Glucose-minimal MOPS Media. 4,000 Molecules/Cell In: Glucose minimal media [C]
Swissprot (AC and ID): NA
Other databases:
- InterPro: IPR013815 - InterPro: IPR013816 - InterPro: IPR008279 - InterPro: IPR018274 - InterPro: IPR023151 - InterPro: IPR000121 - InterPro: IPR002192 - InterPro: IPR010121 - InterPro: IPR015813 [H]
Pfam domain/function: PF00391 PEP-utilizers; PF02896 PEP-utilizers_C; PF01326 PPDK_N [H]
EC number: =2.7.9.1 [H]
Molecular weight: Translated: 98899; Mature: 98768
Theoretical pI: Translated: 5.62; Mature: 5.62
Prosite motif: PS00370 PEP_ENZYMES_PHOS_SITE ; PS00742 PEP_ENZYMES_2
Important sites: NA
Signals:
None
Transmembrane regions:
None
Cys/Met content:
1.9 %Cys (Translated Protein) 3.8 %Met (Translated Protein) 5.7 %Cys+Met (Translated Protein) 1.9 %Cys (Mature Protein) 3.7 %Met (Mature Protein) 5.6 %Cys+Met (Mature Protein)
Secondary structure:
>Translated Secondary Structure MGTKYVYFFGAGKADGNAKMKELLGGKGANLAEMTSIGLPVPAGFTISTEVCTEYYKNDR CCCEEEEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEHHHHHHHHHHCCC NYPSSLAAEVEKNLAQVEALMGKKFGDAKNPLLVSVRSGARASMPGMMDTILNLGLNDTT CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCHH VQGIIAQSGDERFAYDAYRRFVQMYSDVVMGMPKDEMEHLLEQKKDARGVHLDTDLKASD HHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEECCCCCHHH WKELVGEFKAKVKATLGVEFPEDPKEQLWGAIGAVFGSWMNQRAITYRRLNSIPADWGTA HHHHHHHHHHHHHHEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCC VNVQSMVFGNMGNDCATGVAFTRDPSTGENYFYGEYLVNAQGEDVVAGIRTPQPINRAKY CCHHHHHHCCCCCHHHCCCEEECCCCCCCCEEEEEEEECCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCCC KPGDLPSMEEVLPECYKQLAEIRDILERHYQDMQDIEFTIEKGILYMLQCRSGKRTAKAA CCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEEEECCCCHHHHHH IKIAVDMVAEKLIDEKTAVLRVAPNQLDQLLHPSLDPKADKKVIAKGLPASPGAASGEVV HHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCHHEEEECHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCEE FTADEAETLAKLGHKVILVRVETSPEDIHGMHAAQGILTARGGMTSHAAVVARGMGKCCV EECCHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHEECCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCEE AGCGDIKVDYNQAQFVAKDGSVIKKGDVITLDGSTGEVMKGAVATVAAGVGGDFGTLMGW CCCCCEEEECCHHEEEECCCCEEECCCEEEECCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCHHHHHHH VDKFRRMKVRANADTPHDAKTARDFGAEGIGLCRTEHMFFEADRIAAVREMILSADLEGR HHHHHHEEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHH KKALAKILPMQKGDFKGLFREMKGLPVTIRLLDPPLHEFLPQEEKDIEALSATMGVSVQT HHHHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCHHHHCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCHHHH LKHKVEFLHEFNPMLGHRGCRLGITFPEIYDMQVQAIMEAACELVKEEGFDIVPEIMIPL HHHHHHHHHHHCHHHCCCCCEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHH VATTKELAVLRANSVGVCEDVIKRYAVKVEYLIGTMIELPRAAITADAIAAEAEFFSFGT HHCHHHHHEEECCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCC NDLTQTTFGLSRDDAGKFLPFYVENGLLEDDPFVTLDQQGVGELVRMGCQKGRQTRPGIK CCHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEECCCCCCCCCEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEE LGICGEHGGDPASVIFCDSVGLDYVSCSPFRVPIARLSAAHATLNAEAKAASAAKGCGCG EEECCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCC GKGSDASQQPAATA CCCCCCCCCCCCCC >Mature Secondary Structure GTKYVYFFGAGKADGNAKMKELLGGKGANLAEMTSIGLPVPAGFTISTEVCTEYYKNDR CCEEEEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEHHHHHHHHHHCCC NYPSSLAAEVEKNLAQVEALMGKKFGDAKNPLLVSVRSGARASMPGMMDTILNLGLNDTT CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCHH VQGIIAQSGDERFAYDAYRRFVQMYSDVVMGMPKDEMEHLLEQKKDARGVHLDTDLKASD HHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEECCCCCHHH WKELVGEFKAKVKATLGVEFPEDPKEQLWGAIGAVFGSWMNQRAITYRRLNSIPADWGTA HHHHHHHHHHHHHHEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCC VNVQSMVFGNMGNDCATGVAFTRDPSTGENYFYGEYLVNAQGEDVVAGIRTPQPINRAKY CCHHHHHHCCCCCHHHCCCEEECCCCCCCCEEEEEEEECCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCCC KPGDLPSMEEVLPECYKQLAEIRDILERHYQDMQDIEFTIEKGILYMLQCRSGKRTAKAA CCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCEEEEEEECCCCHHHHHH IKIAVDMVAEKLIDEKTAVLRVAPNQLDQLLHPSLDPKADKKVIAKGLPASPGAASGEVV HHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCHHEEEECHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCEE FTADEAETLAKLGHKVILVRVETSPEDIHGMHAAQGILTARGGMTSHAAVVARGMGKCCV EECCHHHHHHHCCCEEEEEEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHEECCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCEE AGCGDIKVDYNQAQFVAKDGSVIKKGDVITLDGSTGEVMKGAVATVAAGVGGDFGTLMGW CCCCCEEEECCHHEEEECCCCEEECCCEEEECCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCHHHHHHH VDKFRRMKVRANADTPHDAKTARDFGAEGIGLCRTEHMFFEADRIAAVREMILSADLEGR HHHHHHEEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEEHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHH KKALAKILPMQKGDFKGLFREMKGLPVTIRLLDPPLHEFLPQEEKDIEALSATMGVSVQT HHHHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEEECCCHHHHCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCHHHH LKHKVEFLHEFNPMLGHRGCRLGITFPEIYDMQVQAIMEAACELVKEEGFDIVPEIMIPL HHHHHHHHHHHCHHHCCCCCEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHH VATTKELAVLRANSVGVCEDVIKRYAVKVEYLIGTMIELPRAAITADAIAAEAEFFSFGT HHCHHHHHEEECCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCC NDLTQTTFGLSRDDAGKFLPFYVENGLLEDDPFVTLDQQGVGELVRMGCQKGRQTRPGIK CCHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEECCCCCCCCCEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCEE LGICGEHGGDPASVIFCDSVGLDYVSCSPFRVPIARLSAAHATLNAEAKAASAAKGCGCG EEECCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCC GKGSDASQQPAATA CCCCCCCCCCCCCC
PDB accession: NA
Resolution: NA
Structure class: Unstructured
Cofactors: NA
Metal ions: NA
Kcat value (1/min): NA
Specific activity: NA
Km value (mM): NA
Substrates: NA
Specific reaction: NA
General reaction: NA
Inhibitor: NA
Structure determination priority: 9.0
TargetDB status: NA
Availability: NA
References: 11481430; 9168612 [H]