Bartonella grahamii as4aup
Names | Bartonella grahamii as4aup |
---|---|
Accession numbers | NC_012846, NC_012847 |
Background | Bartonella grahamii (strain as4aup) is Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) in central Sweden. B. grahamii is present in several species of mice and voles and is likely to be one of the most prevalent Bartonella species in wild rodents. It is transmitted by the rodent flea and is involved in two reported cases of human disease. Through its broad host range, B. grahamii has access to a large gene pool. The rodent-associated Bartonella species have higher copy numbers of genes for putative host-adaptability factors than the related human-specific pathogens. Many of these genes are clustered and located in a highly dynamic region (HDR) of the chromosome containing many gene clusters for secretion systems. A novel gene transfer agent packages the bacterial genome, with an over-representation of the amplified DNA, in 14 kb pieces. Consequently, the HDR is extensively amplified and packaged into bacteriophage particles. This is the first observation associating the products of run-off replication with a gene transfer agent, and the first demonstration of targeted packaging of a portion of the bacterial chromosome into viral particles. The combination of these two systems promotes diversification and rapid spread of selectively favored host-adaptability genes within and among Bartonella populations, facilitating host shifts. Thus the genome sequence of B. grahamii has been sequenced to learn more about the mechanisms and selective forces driving run-off replication and the DNA content of bacteriophage particles. (Adaptated from PMID: 19578403). (EBI Integr8) |
Taxonomy | |
Kingdom: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
Order: | Rhizobiales |
Family: | Bartonellaceae |
Genus: | Bartonella |
Species: | grahamii |
Strain | as4aup |
Complete | Yes |
Sequencing centre | (19-JUN-2009) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA (30-MAR-2009) Department of Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen 18C, Uppsala 75236, Sweden |
Sequencing quality | Level 6: Finished |
Sequencing depth | NA |
Sequencing method | NA |
Isolation site | NA |
Isolation country | Sweden |
Number of replicons | 2 |
Gram staining properties | Negative |
Shape | Bacilli |
Mobility | Yes |
Flagellar presence | No |
Number of membranes | 2 |
Oxygen requirements | Aerobic |
Optimal temperature | 35.0 |
Temperature range | Mesophilic |
Habitat | HostAssociated |
Biotic relationship | Symbiotic |
Host name | Apodemus sylvaticus, Homo sapiens |
Cell arrangement | NA |
Sporulation | NA |
Metabolism | NA |
Energy source | NA |
Diseases | NA |
Pathogenicity | Yes |
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis