Azotobacter vinelandii DJ
Names | Azotobacter vinelandii DJ |
---|---|
Accession numbers | NC_012560 |
Background | Azotobacter vinelandii is a free-living, obligately aerobic, nitrogen-fixing gamma-proteobacteria. It is found in soils world-wide, with features of nitrogen and energy metabolism relevant to agriculture. In response to carbon starvation it differentiates to form cysts that are impervious to chemical and physical challenge. Studies have been focused on its ability to fix diatmospheric nitrogen under free-living conditions, a process that occurs in the presence of oxygen levels that typically inactivate the nitrogenase enzyme. Unusually it encodes three distinct nitrogenase systems, the molybdenum, vanadium and iron-only nitrogenases, expression of which is differentially regulated by metal availability from the medium. Diazotrophic growth under aerobic conditions is possible because it adjusts oxygen-consumption rates to help maintain low levels of cytoplasmic oxygen, a phenomenon called respiratory protection. It is able to produce alginate, a polymer that further protects the organism from excess exogenous oxygen, and it has multiple duplications of alginate modification genes, which may alter alginate composition in response to oxygen availability. Other oxygen-sensitive enzymes have also been identified in the genome (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, a formate dehydrogenase, and another hydrogenase). Genome annotation was done by supervised teams of undergraduate students using a web-based system over a preliminary automated annotation, both developed by J. C. Setubal (adapted from PubMed 19429624). (EBI Integr8) |
Taxonomy | |
Kingdom: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
Order: | Pseudomonadales |
Family: | Pseudomonadaceae |
Genus: | Azotobacter |
Species: | vinelandii |
Strain | DJ |
Complete | Yes |
Sequencing centre | (14-APR-2009) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA (15-SEP-2008) Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Washington Street, MC |
Sequencing quality | Level 6: Finished |
Sequencing depth | NA |
Sequencing method | NA |
Isolation site | derivative from Azotobacter vinelandii UW |
Isolation country | USA |
Number of replicons | 1 |
Gram staining properties | Negative |
Shape | Cocci |
Mobility | Yes |
Flagellar presence | Yes |
Number of membranes | 2 |
Oxygen requirements | Aerobic |
Optimal temperature | NA |
Temperature range | Mesophilic |
Habitat | Multiple |
Biotic relationship | Free living |
Host name | NA |
Cell arrangement | Chains, Pairs, Singles |
Sporulation | NA |
Metabolism | Nitrogen fixation Stores polyhydroxybutyrate |
Energy source | Lithotroph |
Diseases | NA |
Pathogenicity | No |
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Galactose metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Benzoate degradation
Fluorobenzoate degradation
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Glutathione metabolism
Starch and sucrose metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Glycerolipid metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism
Xylene degradation
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Nitrotoluene degradation
Propanoate metabolism
Butanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Galactose metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Benzoate degradation
Fluorobenzoate degradation
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Glutathione metabolism
Starch and sucrose metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Glycerolipid metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism
Xylene degradation
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Nitrotoluene degradation
Propanoate metabolism
Butanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis