Azotobacter vinelandii DJ

Azotobacter_vinelandii
Names Azotobacter vinelandii DJ
Accession numbers NC_012560
Background Azotobacter vinelandii is a free-living, obligately aerobic, nitrogen-fixing gamma-proteobacteria. It is found in soils world-wide, with features of nitrogen and energy metabolism relevant to agriculture. In response to carbon starvation it differentiates to form cysts that are impervious to chemical and physical challenge. Studies have been focused on its ability to fix diatmospheric nitrogen under free-living conditions, a process that occurs in the presence of oxygen levels that typically inactivate the nitrogenase enzyme. Unusually it encodes three distinct nitrogenase systems, the molybdenum, vanadium and iron-only nitrogenases, expression of which is differentially regulated by metal availability from the medium. Diazotrophic growth under aerobic conditions is possible because it adjusts oxygen-consumption rates to help maintain low levels of cytoplasmic oxygen, a phenomenon called respiratory protection. It is able to produce alginate, a polymer that further protects the organism from excess exogenous oxygen, and it has multiple duplications of alginate modification genes, which may alter alginate composition in response to oxygen availability. Other oxygen-sensitive enzymes have also been identified in the genome (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, a formate dehydrogenase, and another hydrogenase). Genome annotation was done by supervised teams of undergraduate students using a web-based system over a preliminary automated annotation, both developed by J. C. Setubal (adapted from PubMed 19429624). (EBI Integr8)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Gammaproteobacteria
Order:Pseudomonadales
Family:Pseudomonadaceae
Genus:Azotobacter
Species:vinelandii
Strain DJ
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (14-APR-2009) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
(15-SEP-2008) Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Washington Street, MC
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site derivative from Azotobacter vinelandii UW
Isolation country USA
Number of replicons 1
Gram staining properties Negative
Shape Cocci
Mobility Yes
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 2
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Multiple
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name NA
Cell arrangement Chains, Pairs, Singles
Sporulation NA
Metabolism Nitrogen fixation
Stores polyhydroxybutyrate
Energy source Lithotroph
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No