Agrobacterium vitis S4

Names Agrobacterium vitis S4
Accession numbers NC_011981, NC_011982, NC_011984, NC_011986, NC_011988, NC_011989, NC_011991
Background Agrobacterium are Gram-negative, motile, soil-dwelling plant pathogens with the species name given based on the disease phenotype associated with the bacteria. They invade the crown, roots and stems of a great variety of plants via wounds causing tumors. The diseases are crown gall, hairy root, and cane gall. Some strains possess a wide host range, whereas other possess a very limited host range. The tumor is correlated with the presence of a large tumor-inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid) in the bacteria. Thus A.tumefaciens causes crown gall on many dicotyledonous plants; A.rubi causes crown gall on raspberries; A.vitis gall formation on grapes; A.rhizogenes causes hairy roots; A.radiobacter is avirulent. However the ability to cause disease is associated with transmissible plasmids, and this grouping is easily disrupted when plasmids move from one strain to another. More recently Agrobacterium have been classified into 3 biovars based on physiological and biochemical phenotypes without consideration of disease; the 2 classification systems are not compatible. There is now a fully sequenced representative of each biovar publicly available.Crown galls are formed when Agrobacterium with a a tumor-inducing Ti plasmid infects a wounded plant. A portion of the Ti-plasmid DNA (T-DNA) is transferred from the bacterial plasmid into the host plant cell where the T-DNA is integrated into host plant chromosomal DNA by an illegitimate recombination process. Some of the transferred genes encode enzymes responsible for the synthesis of plant hormones that cannot be controlled by the plant, causing abnormal cell divisions that produce a plant gall. Other transferred genes encode biosynthetic enzymes capable of transforming plant metabolites into a class of compounds called opines that are not catabolizable by the host plant, but are catabolizable by the tumor-inducing bacterial strain. A.vitis strain S4 is a virulent biovar III strain isolated from the Vitis vinifera (grape) cv. Izsaki Sarfeher crown gall in Kecskemet/Orgavony, Hungary in 1981. It produces the opine vitopine. A.vitis strains not only cause galls on grapevines but also necrosis on grapevine roots and a hypersensitive response on nonhost plants (adapted from PubMed 11524123 and 19251847). (HAMAP: AGRVS)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Alphaproteobacteria
Order:Rhizobiales
Family:Rhizobiaceae
Genus:Agrobacterium
Species:vitis
Strain S4
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (14-MAR-2007) Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Tech, Washington Street, Box 0477, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
(28-JAN-2009) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method 454
Isolation site aerial gall that developed on a two-year-old woody grapevine cane
Isolation country NA
Number of replicons 7
Gram staining properties Negative
Shape Bacilli
Mobility Yes
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 2
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Multiple
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name Vitis vinifera cv. 'Izsaki Sarfeher
Cell arrangement Singles
Sporulation NA
Metabolism NA
Energy source NA
Diseases Crown gall
Pathogenicity No