Clostridium phytofermentans ISDg

Clostridium_phytofermentans
Names Clostridium phytofermentans ISDg
Accession numbers NC_010001
Background Clostridium phytofermentans is an anaerobic ethanol- and hydrogen-producing cellulolytic bacterium from forest soil that is capable of fermenting all major carbohydrate components of biomass. It grows optimally at 35-37 degrees Celsius. Cells stain Gram-negative, despite having a Gram-positive cell-wall ultrastructure, and are motile, straight rods that form spherical terminal spores that swollen with sporangium. Cellulose, pectin, starch, and xylan are rapidly degraded and fermented with ethanol, acetate, CO2 and H2 as the major end-products and formate and lactate as minor products. Two to 4 times more ethanol than acetate are formed, suggesting that C. phytofermentans possesses unusual fermentation pathways. Hydrogen production approaches maximum amounts expected based on the amounts of non-gaseous products formed, thus it is interesting from a biotechnology point of view. Phylogenetically, C. phytofermentans is a member of Cluster XIVa of the low-G+C-content Gram-positive bacteria, only distantly related to another cellulose-degrading bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum (CLOTH) (adapted from http://genome.jgi-psf.org/finished_microbes/clopi/clopi.home.html). (EBI Integr8)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Firmicutes
Class:Clostridia
Order:Clostridiales
Family:Clostridiaceae
Genus:Clostridium
Species:phytofermentans
Strain ISDg
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (08-NOV-2007) US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive B100, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1698, USA
(21-NOV-2007) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method Sanger
Isolation site Forest soil near the Quabbin Reservoir in Massachusetts
Isolation country USA
Number of replicons 1
Gram staining properties Positive
Shape Bacilli
Mobility Yes
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 1
Oxygen requirements Anaerobic
Optimal temperature 37.0
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Terrestrial
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name NA
Cell arrangement Pairs, Singles
Sporulation Sporulating
Metabolism Acetate producer
Cellulose degrader
Ethanol production
Energy source Chemoorganotroph
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No