Frankia sp. EAN1pec

Frankia_sp.
Names Frankia sp. EAN1pec
Accession numbers NC_009921
Background Frankia sp. are filamentous bacteria that grow by hyphal branching and tip extension. They produce three cell types during growth: vegetative hyphae, sporangiospores and lipid-enveloped cellular structures known as "diazo-vesicles". Frankia sp. have the ability to form symbiotic nitrogen-fixing root nodules on certain woody angiosperms, termed "actinorhizal plants". The vesicle cell type develops during N-starvation and contains the O2-labile nitrogenase. During symbiosis, they supply sufficient combined nitrogen so that the plant can grow without added nitrogen. Frankia thus can supply most or all of the host plant nitrogen needs. Consequently, actinorhizal plants colonize and often thrive in soils that are low in combined nitrogen. This type of symbiosis adds a large proportion of new nitrogen to several ecosystems. It constitutes the major N2-fixing symbioses in temperate forests, dry chaparral and matorral, coastal dunes, alpine communities and in colder regions such as in Scandinavia, Canada, Alaska or New Zealand where legumes are insignificant or absent. Frankiae have all housekeeping genes necessary for saprophytic existence plus genes for sporulation, vesicle development, symbiosis, N2 fixation and secondary metabolite production.Frankia strain EAN1pec is a member of the broad host range "Elaeagnus" strain (Cluster 3) which are able to nodulate five familes in the Fagales and Rosales and are found all over the world. Cluster 3 members are not obligatorily symbiotic. EAN1pec grows slowly on dicarboxylic acids (such as succinate or malate), sugars including fructose, and sugar alcohols (i.e. sorbitol and mannitol). It is resistant to lincomycin, kasugamycin, novobiocin, and, like many actinomycetes, to nalidixic acid. This strain is also resistant to elevated levels of lead, chromate, and arsenate. (HAMAP: FRASN)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Actinobacteria
Class:Actinobacteria
Order:Actinomycetales
Family:Frankiaceae
Genus:Frankia
Species:EAN1pec
Strain EAN1pec
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (16-OCT-2007) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
(29-AUG-2007) US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive B100, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1698, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method Sanger
Isolation site Kettering Research Laboratory in Ohio by M Lalonde in 1978
Isolation country USA
Number of replicons 1
Gram staining properties Positive
Shape Filamentous
Mobility No
Flagellar presence NA
Number of membranes 1
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Multiple
Biotic relationship Symbiotic
Host name Plants
Cell arrangement Filaments
Sporulation Sporulating
Metabolism Nitrogen fixation
Energy source Chemoorganotroph
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No