Nocardioides sp. JS614

Nocardioides_sp.
Names Nocardioides sp. JS614
Accession numbers NC_008697, NC_008699
Background Nocardioides sp. (strain BAA-499 / JS614) is an aerobic mesophillic Gram-positive bacterium phylogenetically associated with the Actinobacteria. This bacterium grows quickly and efficiently on media containing vinyl chloride (VC) and ethane (ETH). VC in groundwater is often produced as a result of incomplete reductive dechlorination. It tends to accumulate and persist in anaerobic groundwater zones but has been shown to degrade readily if the VC plume migrates in aerobic groundwater zones. Several strains of VC-assimilating bacteria, including strain JS614, have recently been isolated, indicating that these organisms may participate in natural attenuation of VC at certain sites. Strain JS614 is unique among growth-coupled VC-degraders. All other known aerobic VC-assimilating bacteria are either Mycobacteria or Pseudomonads. In addition to its phylogenetic distinction, strain JS614 is unique among VC-assimilating bacteria due to a relatively high VC yield coefficient, high VC utilization rate, and peculiar VC starvation sensitivity. The fact that strain JS614 derives approximately 60-76% more energy from VC and ETH than other VC degraders implies that the pathway of VC-assimilation in strain JS614 may be different than in all other known VC-assimilating bacteria. VC-grown JS614 cultures starved of VC for longer than one day do not degrade VC for at least 40 days after refeeding. This suggests that regulation and maintenance of the VC pathway in strain JS614 is significantly different than in mycobacterial or pseudomonad VC degraders and may indicate the energy dependent detoxification of a potentially toxic VC metabolic intermediate. The monooxygenase system appears to play a major role in the VC starvation response and not the epoxide transformation system, as was previously speculated. JS614 harbors a large plasmid that encodes VC/ETH pathway genes. PCR experiments using primers specific for putative JS614 monooxygenase and epoxide transforming genes indicate that these genes are located on the large plasmid. (EBI Integr8)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Actinobacteria
Class:Actinobacteria
Order:Actinomycetales
Family:Nocardioidaceae
Genus:Nocardioides
Species:JS614
Strain JS614
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (14-DEC-2006) US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive B100, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1698, USA
(21-DEC-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site soil, Carson, CA, USA
Isolation country USA
Number of replicons 2
Gram staining properties Positive
Shape Bacilli
Mobility No
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 1
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature 30.0
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Terrestrial
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name NA
Cell arrangement NA
Sporulation Nonsporulating
Metabolism NA
Energy source NA
Diseases None
Pathogenicity No