Nocardioides sp. JS614
Names | Nocardioides sp. JS614 |
---|---|
Accession numbers | NC_008697, NC_008699 |
Background | Nocardioides sp. (strain BAA-499 / JS614) is an aerobic mesophillic Gram-positive bacterium phylogenetically associated with the Actinobacteria. This bacterium grows quickly and efficiently on media containing vinyl chloride (VC) and ethane (ETH). VC in groundwater is often produced as a result of incomplete reductive dechlorination. It tends to accumulate and persist in anaerobic groundwater zones but has been shown to degrade readily if the VC plume migrates in aerobic groundwater zones. Several strains of VC-assimilating bacteria, including strain JS614, have recently been isolated, indicating that these organisms may participate in natural attenuation of VC at certain sites. Strain JS614 is unique among growth-coupled VC-degraders. All other known aerobic VC-assimilating bacteria are either Mycobacteria or Pseudomonads. In addition to its phylogenetic distinction, strain JS614 is unique among VC-assimilating bacteria due to a relatively high VC yield coefficient, high VC utilization rate, and peculiar VC starvation sensitivity. The fact that strain JS614 derives approximately 60-76% more energy from VC and ETH than other VC degraders implies that the pathway of VC-assimilation in strain JS614 may be different than in all other known VC-assimilating bacteria. VC-grown JS614 cultures starved of VC for longer than one day do not degrade VC for at least 40 days after refeeding. This suggests that regulation and maintenance of the VC pathway in strain JS614 is significantly different than in mycobacterial or pseudomonad VC degraders and may indicate the energy dependent detoxification of a potentially toxic VC metabolic intermediate. The monooxygenase system appears to play a major role in the VC starvation response and not the epoxide transformation system, as was previously speculated. JS614 harbors a large plasmid that encodes VC/ETH pathway genes. PCR experiments using primers specific for putative JS614 monooxygenase and epoxide transforming genes indicate that these genes are located on the large plasmid. (EBI Integr8) |
Taxonomy | |
Kingdom: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Actinobacteria |
Class: | Actinobacteria |
Order: | Actinomycetales |
Family: | Nocardioidaceae |
Genus: | Nocardioides |
Species: | JS614 |
Strain | JS614 |
Complete | Yes |
Sequencing centre | (14-DEC-2006) US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive B100, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1698, USA (21-DEC-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA |
Sequencing quality | Level 6: Finished |
Sequencing depth | NA |
Sequencing method | NA |
Isolation site | soil, Carson, CA, USA |
Isolation country | USA |
Number of replicons | 2 |
Gram staining properties | Positive |
Shape | Bacilli |
Mobility | No |
Flagellar presence | Yes |
Number of membranes | 1 |
Oxygen requirements | Aerobic |
Optimal temperature | 30.0 |
Temperature range | Mesophilic |
Habitat | Terrestrial |
Biotic relationship | Free living |
Host name | NA |
Cell arrangement | NA |
Sporulation | Nonsporulating |
Metabolism | NA |
Energy source | NA |
Diseases | None |
Pathogenicity | No |
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fatty acid metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Geraniol degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Tryptophan metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
Propanoate metabolism
Butanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Methane metabolism
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Atrazine degradation
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Nitrogen metabolism
Caprolactam degradation
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fatty acid metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Geraniol degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Tryptophan metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Arginine and D-ornithine metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
Propanoate metabolism
Butanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Methane metabolism
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Atrazine degradation
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Nitrogen metabolism
Caprolactam degradation
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis