Mycobacterium avium 104

Mycobacterium_avium
Names Mycobacterium avium 104
Accession numbers NC_008595
Background Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) a Gram positive non-spore forming, non-motile, slightly curved, aerobic, slow-growing bacterium and is the etiologic agent of Paratuberculosis.Paratuberculosis, or Johne's disease, is a granulomatous enteritis of ruminant animals that may be prevalent in approximately 35% of United States dairy herdsand other domestic livestock such as goats and farmed deer. It is becoming increasingly prevalent in European dairy herds Diarrhea, reduced feed intake, weight loss, and eventual death characterize this intestinal disorder in cattle.Map has also been implicated as the etiologic agent of Crohn's disease leading researchers to speculate on a potential pathogenic role for this organism in humans.The control of Johne's disease is severely hampered by inadequate diagnostic tools. The prolonged incubation time and presence of subclinical cases permit infected animals to shed large amounts of bacilli in their faeces before detection. Culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from faeces has been the most reliable method for identifying infected animals; however, the slow growth of this organism results in a minimum of 6 weeks before culture data are available. Research on the pathogenesis and immunology of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections of cattle will allow the design of better diagnostic and control procedures. New approaches that yield improved diagnostic tests will enable early detection and removal of subclinically infected animals. This will effectively reduce the incidence of Johne's disease in beef and dairy herds.With the availability of over 60 published sequenced genomes, some of which are in the same genus or even species, genome-wide comparisons in this genus will lead to an increased understanding of the genes required for pathogenicity as well as highlighting the sequences that make each species distinct.Mycobacterium avium causes avian mycobacteriosis and affects many avian and mammalian species. In zoos and aviaries, many losses are attributable to infection with M. avium. (From http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria.html) (BacMap)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Actinobacteria
Class:Actinobacteria
Order:Actinomycetales
Family:Mycobacteriaceae
Genus:Mycobacterium
Species:avium
Strain 104
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (19-OCT-2006) The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
(29-NOV-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site AIDS patient
Isolation country USA
Number of replicons 1
Gram staining properties Positive
Shape Bacilli
Mobility No
Flagellar presence No
Number of membranes 1
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature 37.0
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat HostAssociated
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name Homo sapiens
Cell arrangement Singles
Sporulation Nonsporulating
Metabolism NA
Energy source Chemoorganotroph
Diseases Tuberculosis type pulmonary infections
Pathogenicity Yes