Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis L550
Names | Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis L550 |
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Accession numbers | NC_008508, NC_008509 |
Background | Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world, resulting in high morbidity and mortality in humans and affecting global livestock production. Most infections are caused by either Leptospira borgpetersenii or Leptospira interrogans, bacteria that vary in their distribution in nature and rely on different modes of transmission. L.borgpetersenii uses a host-to-host mode of transmission, whereas L.interrogans is usually acquired from contaminated surface water. Two different strains of L. borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo have been sequenced that have distinct phenotypes and virulence. Strain JB197 was isolated from a beef steer at slaughter in the U.S.A., whereas strain L550 was isolated from a human in Australia who had contracted leptospirosis from infected cattle. These two strains have nearly identical genetic content, with subtle frameshift and point mutations being a common form of genetic variation. Starkly limited regions of synteny are shared between the large chromosomes of L.borgpetersenii and L.interrogans, probably the result of frequent recombination events between insertion sequences. The L.borgpetersenii genome is approximately 700 kb smaller and has a lower coding density than L.interrogans, indicating it is decaying through a process of insertion sequence-mediated genome reduction. Loss of gene function is not random but is centered on impairment of environmental sensing and metabolite transport and utilization. These features distinguish L.borgpetersenii from L.interrogans, a species with minimal genetic decay and that survives extended passage in aquatic environments before encountering a mammalian host. It is thought that L.borgpetersenii is evolving toward dependence on a strict host-to-host transmission cycle (modified from PubMed 16973745). (EBI Integr8) |
Taxonomy | |
Kingdom: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Spirochaetes |
Class: | Spirochaetes |
Order: | Spirochaetales |
Family: | Leptospiraceae |
Genus: | Leptospira |
Species: | borgpetersenii |
Strain | L550 |
Complete | Yes |
Sequencing centre | (21-OCT-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA (30-JAN-2006) Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Building 53, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia |
Sequencing quality | Level 6: Finished |
Sequencing depth | NA |
Sequencing method | NA |
Isolation site | Human patient with leptospirosis, Australia |
Isolation country | Australia |
Number of replicons | 2 |
Gram staining properties | Negative |
Shape | Spirilla |
Mobility | No |
Flagellar presence | Yes |
Number of membranes | 2 |
Oxygen requirements | Aerobic |
Optimal temperature | NA |
Temperature range | Mesophilic |
Habitat | HostAssociated |
Biotic relationship | Free living |
Host name | Homo sapiens |
Cell arrangement | NA |
Sporulation | Nonsporulating |
Metabolism | NA |
Energy source | NA |
Diseases | Leptospirosis |
Pathogenicity | Probable |
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
NCBI Genomes
NC_008508NC_008509