Nitrosomonas eutropha C91

Nitrosomonas_eutropha
Names Nitrosomonas eutropha C91
Accession numbers NC_008341, NC_008342, NC_008344
Background Nitrosomonas eutropha C91 is an autotrophic nitrifying bacterium. As a member of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, it catalyzes the oxidation of ammonia to meet its energy requirements for growth. This reaction is the first step in the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate which is an integral part of the biogeochemical N cycle and plays a central role in the availability of nitrogen to plants and hence in limiting CO2 fixation. Nitrifying bacteria also are important players in the treatment of industrial and sewage waste in the first step of oxidizing ammonia to nitrate. Evidence suggests that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria contribute significantly to the global production of nitrous oxide (produced by the reduction of nitrite). Nitrosomonas eutropha C91 (also known as strain Nm57; formerly ATCC 25984, which is no longer available) is a Gram-negative betaproteobacterium closely related to the better studied Nitrosomonas europaea. N. eutropha is an aerobic chemolithoautotroph deriving its carbon from CO2 and generating energy and reducing equivalents from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. It is pleomorphic (rod to pear-shaped) and is occasionally found in short chains. N. eutropha is commonly found in strongly eutrophic environments such as municipal and industrial sewage disposal systems and has a high tolerance for elevated ammonia concentrations. The cells are motile. The utilization of urea was not observed. Although N. eutropha is very similar to N. europaea, some notable differences exist. N. eutropha is able to grow anaerobically with H2 as the reductant and nitrite as the electron acceptor. However, the genomic sequence of N. europaea fails to give any indication supporting the presence of this ability. Additionally, unlike N. europaea , N. eutropha possesses carboxysomes. These differences suggest that significant differences in metabolic capability may exist between these related strains. (HAMAP: NITEC)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Betaproteobacteria
Order:Nitrosomonadales
Family:Nitrosomonadaceae
Genus:Nitrosomonas
Species:eutropha
Strain C91
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (14-SEP-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
(25-AUG-2006) US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive B100, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1698, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site sewage disposal plant in Chicago, IL, USA
Isolation country USA
Number of replicons 3
Gram staining properties Negative
Shape NA
Mobility Yes
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 2
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Multiple
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name NA
Cell arrangement Chains, Singles
Sporulation NA
Metabolism Ammonia-oxidizer
Nitrifying
Energy source Autotroph, Chemolithotroph
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No