Borrelia afzelii PKo
| Names | Borrelia afzelii PKo |
|---|---|
| Accession numbers | NC_008273, NC_008274, NC_008277, NC_008564, NC_008565, NC_008566, NC_008567, NC_008568, NC_008569, NT_167350, NT_167351, NT_167352, CP002933 |
| Background | Borreliae, the causative agent of Lyme disease, are obligatorily bound to their host organisms for survival. During their life cycle they switch from the invertebrate host tick (Ixodes spec.) to various vertebrate hosts via a tick bite. It seems that Borellia have three indispensable components; a chromosome, a circular plasmid of approximately 26 kb (cp27 in B.afzelli) and a linear plasmid of approximately 54 kb (lp60-1 in B.afzelli), each species can also contain many other plasmids. The range of vertebrates and invertebrates used as hosts is thought to be mediated by factors encoded mainly on a large number of different plasmids found in Borreliae genomes. These plasmids are characterized by their wealth of paralogous genes. It is thought that Borreliae plasmids are not stable and are frequently rearranged leading to differing plasmid content within a species. The chromosome is also involved in fission/fusion events, and the right end of the chromosome of B. burgdorferi strains is variable due to its ability to catch plasmids. During passage plasmids can be lost due to the lack of selection pressure, which can be accompanied by the inability of Borreliae to prosper in the host. B.afzelii Pko was originally isolated from human skin, and the early passage (8th) is infectious in gerbils. This sequence is made up of early (8th) and late (70th) passage sequences; in the late passage the vls gene locus encoding for variable surface proteins is missing, which probably accounts for the fragmentary nature of plasmid lp31. The plasmids contribute at least 36% of the total genome; there are probably 9 circular and 7 linear plasmids, not all of which have been closed. (EBI Integr8) |
| Taxonomy | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Spirochaetes |
| Class: | Spirochaetes |
| Order: | Spirochaetales |
| Family: | Spirochaetaceae |
| Genus: | Borrelia |
| Species: | afzelii |
| Strain | PKo |
| Complete | Yes |
| Sequencing centre | (02-AUG-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA (08-JUN-2006) Genome Analysis, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11, Jena 07745, Germany |
| Sequencing quality | Level 6: Finished |
| Sequencing depth | NA |
| Sequencing method | NA |
| Isolation site | Skin lesion from a Lyme disease patient in Europe in 1993 |
| Isolation country | NA |
| Number of replicons | 13 |
| Gram staining properties | Negative |
| Shape | Spirilla |
| Mobility | No |
| Flagellar presence | NA |
| Number of membranes | 2 |
| Oxygen requirements | Aerobic |
| Optimal temperature | NA |
| Temperature range | Mesophilic |
| Habitat | HostAssociated |
| Biotic relationship | Free living |
| Host name | Homo sapiens |
| Cell arrangement | Singles |
| Sporulation | Nonsporulating |
| Metabolism | NA |
| Energy source | NA |
| Diseases | Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans |
| Pathogenicity | Yes |