Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961

Vibrio_cholerae
Names Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar El Tor str. N16961
Accession numbers NC_002505, NC_002506
Background Vibrio cholerae O1 biovar ElTor str. N16961.This is an epidemic serogroup of Vibrio cholerae isolated in 1971 in Bangladesh and is distinguished from the classical biotype due to hemolysin production. It contains 2 chromosomes. The first, and larger chromosome, contains many essential cell functions, as well as virulence genes contained within pathogenicity islands (PAIs). One major pathogenicity determinant is encoded within a PAI that is contained inside an integrated phage (CTXphi) on chromosome 1 that codes for the cholera toxin, an adenylate cyclase. Once the toxin is injected into host cells, it results in secretion of chlorine ions, which leads to increased water secretion, dehydration, and eventually, death. Up to 20 litres of water a day may be lost. The second chromosome also has important cell functions, but has a preponderance of genes associated with energy and transport functions, including signal transduction systems, and in addition, DNA repair enzymes. Chromosome 2 also has the integron island, a large variable region of the chromosome that functions as a gene capture system, some of which are associated with antibiotic resistance. There are 105 genes that have copies on both chromosomes. (NCBI BioProject: bp_list[1])
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Gammaproteobacteria
Order:Vibrionales
Family:Vibrionaceae
Genus:Vibrio
Species:cholerae
Strain N16961
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (14-JUN-2000) The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
(18-SEP-2001) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site stool from cholera patient in Epidemic outbreak in Bangladesh in 1971
Isolation country Bangladesh
Number of replicons 2
Gram staining properties Negative
Shape CurvedShaped
Mobility Yes
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 2
Oxygen requirements Facultative
Optimal temperature 20.0
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Aquatic
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name Homo sapiens
Cell arrangement Singles
Sporulation Nonsporulating
Metabolism NA
Energy source Heterotroph
Diseases Cholera
Pathogenicity Yes