Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5

Psychrobacter_cryohalolentis
Names Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5
Accession numbers NC_007968, NC_007969
Background The genus Psychrobacter is comprised primarily of halotolerant, psychrophilic to mesophilic, aerobic, non-motile, Gram-negative coccobacilli and was first described as a separate genus within the gamma-proteobacteria in 1986. Psychrobacter species are capable of reproducing at temperatures ranging from -10 to 40 degrees Celsius. Psychrobacter species have been isolated primarily from low temperature marine environments including Antarctic sea ice, ornithogenic soil, and sediments; the stomach contents of the Antarctic krill Euphausia; sea water (NW pacific ocean, 300 m depth); the deep sea; and the internal tissues of a marine ascidian. Psychrobacter species have also been isolated from a pigeon feces bioaerosol, a poultry carcass, fermented sea food, human blood and tissues, and the lungs of an infected lamb. Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 (formerly known as Psychrobacter cryopegella) was isolated from a cryopeg (saline water lens) within 40 thousand-year-old Siberian permafrost where the in situ temperature is -9 to -11 degrees Celsius. The cryopeg samples were obtained from the Kolyma-Indigirka lowland, Siberia by David Gilichinsky (Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia). Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 is a small, non-motile coccoid rod often found in pairs. On marine agar it produces smooth, non-pigmented colonies. This strain was selected for sequencing based on its ability to reproduce at -10 degrees Celsius with a generation time of 39 days, rapid growth at low temperatures, close relationship to Psychrobacter 273-4, and the different permafrost niche it was isolated from (cryopeg) relative to Psychrobacter 273-4. Additional studies of Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5 have examined critical temperature, growth efficiency, and protein expression at subzero temperatures. Specific genes and molecular characteristics required for low-temperature growth can be identified via comparative genomics, which is aided by the comparison of close relatives.In addition, genomic information will greatly enhance the interpretation of protein expression at subzero temperatures already examined in this organism. The long-term survival of microorganisms at low temperatures is relevant to the search for and study of microbes that survive and grow in cold and sub-zero environments (deep sea, Antarctic and Arctic permafrost and endolithic environments, Mars, etc.). Growth and survival of low temperatures is also relevant to food storage and processing, general mechanisms of bacterial survival, and stress responses of microorganisms. (EBI Integr8)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Gammaproteobacteria
Order:Pseudomonadales
Family:Moraxellaceae
Genus:Psychrobacter
Species:cryohalolentis
Strain NA
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (20-APR-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
(30-MAR-2006) US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive B100, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1698, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method Sanger
Isolation site Saline liquid found 11-24 m below the surface within a forty thousand-year-old Siberian permafrost at the Kolyma-Indigirka lowland in Siberia
Isolation country Russia
Number of replicons 2
Gram staining properties Negative
Shape Bacilli
Mobility No
Flagellar presence No
Number of membranes 2
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Psychrophilic
Habitat Multiple
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name NA
Cell arrangement Pairs
Sporulation NA
Metabolism NA
Energy source NA
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No