Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4

Rhodococcus_erythropolis
Names Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4
Accession numbers NC_007486, NC_007487, NC_007491, NC_012490
Background Rhodococci are aerobic, Gram positive actinomycetes of high G+C content, capable of morphological differentiation in response to their environment (e.g., cocci or filaments). These widely occurring organisms are of considerable environmental and biotechnological importance due to their broad metabolic diversity and array of unique enzymatic capabilities. These are of interest to the pharmaceutical, environmental, chemical and energy sectors. Specific applications include the desulphurization of fossil fuels and the industrial production of acrylamide. Rhodococci are well suited for bioremediation due to their capacity for long term survival in soil, their exceptional ability to degrade hydrophobic pollutants even in the presence of more readily assimilable carbon sources, and their ability to accumulate high levels of heavy metals.Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4 (NBRC 100887) was isolated from the Pacific Ocean, south of Okinawa Island, Japan, at a depth of 1,000 m. This strain can degrade various alkanes (C8-C20 n-alkanes, branched alkanes including pristane) and methylbenzenes (such as toluene), but not benzene or naphthalene, as sources of carbon and energy. It produces a large quantity of extracellular polysaccarides (EPSs), which are assumed to play an important role in the tolerance to a variety of organic solvents. The genome consisted of one circular chromosome, one linear plasmid, and two circular plasmids. Genes for the degradation of alkanes were found on the chromosome and plasmids. Genes for the degradation of intermediates of the aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism, such as protocatechuic acid and catechol, were clustered on the chromosome. The genome also contains a number of secondary metabolism genes and EPS biosynthesis genes (modified from http://www.bio.nite.go.jp/dogan/About?GENOME_ID=rer_G1). (HAMAP: RHOE4)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Actinobacteria
Class:Actinobacteria
Order:Actinomycetales
Family:Nocardiaceae
Genus:Rhodococcus
Species:erythropolis
Strain PR4
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (01-APR-2009) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
(31-MAR-2005) Contact:Director-General Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, NITE
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site Pacific Ocean seawater
Isolation country NA
Number of replicons 4
Gram staining properties Positive
Shape Bacilli
Mobility No
Flagellar presence NA
Number of membranes 1
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature 20.0
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Multiple
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name NA
Cell arrangement Filaments
Sporulation Nonsporulating
Metabolism Magnetite production
Sulfate reducer
Energy source NA
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fructose and mannose metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Geraniol degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Benzoate degradation
Bisphenol degradation
Tryptophan metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
Xylene degradation
Toluene degradation
Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Propanoate metabolism
Styrene degradation
Butanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Methane metabolism
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Atrazine degradation
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Limonene and pinene degradation
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Caprolactam degradation
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis