Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118

Lactobacillus_salivarius
Names Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118
Accession numbers NC_006529, NC_006530, NC_007929, NC_007930
Background Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius (strain UCC118) was isolated from the terminal ileum of a healthy patient undergoing urinary tract reconstruction surgery. This strain has been extensively studied for its probiotic properties in human trials and animal models. Its genome is made up of one circular chromosome, a megaplasmid pMP118 and two smaller plasmids pSF118-20 and pSF118-44. No single-copy essential genes are located on the megaplasmid. However, it harbors the gene for the Abp118 bacteriocin. Four regions of bacteriophage-related DNA have been detected in the genome. Two seem to be intact prophages and two are remnants of prophages. Seventy-three pseudogenes have been found in the genome, a large part (27%) being located on the megaplasmid. Frameshifts are the main cause of gene inactivation. L. salivarius possesses both the highest number and diversity of IS elements in Lactobacillus genomes sequenced so far. Sixteen different IS elements, present in a total of 43 copies, have been identified. The megaplasmid harbors almost 25% of the IS elements of the genome. L.salivarius seems to lack the genes required for synthesis of tryptophan and related amino acids. It can synthesize de novo or by interconversion nine amino acids, can convert glutamine to three more and is theoretically auxotrophic for eight amino acids. A complete pathway for the biosynthesis of UMP (that can be further converted to UTP and CTP) as well as a complete pathway for biosynthesis of IMP (that branches AMP and GMP) are present. Currently L.salivarius is considered homofermentative. This means that sugars can be fermented only via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. However, genes for the pentose phosphate pathway have been found, suggesting that it could be grouped among the facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli. This has been confirmed by the ability of L.salivarius to grow on ribose as a sole carbon source and by the detection of lactate, acetate and ethanol in the culture medium. (EBI Integr8)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Firmicutes
Class:Bacilli
Order:Lactobacillales
Family:Lactobacillaceae
Genus:Lactobacillus
Species:salivarius
Strain UCC118
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (01-APR-2006) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
(16-DEC-2005) Department of Microbiology, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, College Road, Cork,
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site Human gastrointestinal tract
Isolation country NA
Number of replicons 4
Gram staining properties Positive
Shape Bacilli
Mobility No
Flagellar presence No
Number of membranes 1
Oxygen requirements Facultative
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat HostAssociated
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name Homo sapiens
Cell arrangement NA
Sporulation Nonsporulating
Metabolism Bacteriocins producer
Energy source NA
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No