Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32

Names Amycolatopsis mediterranei U32
Accession numbers NC_014318
Background Amycolatopsis mediterranei (strain U-32) is a Gram-positive bacterium used for industry-scale production of rifamycin, which plays a vital role in antimycobacterial therapy. As the first sequenced genome of the genus Amycolatopsis, the chromosome of A.mediterranei comprising 10 236 715 base pairs, is one of the largest prokaryotic genomes ever sequenced so far. Although the predicted 9 228 protein-coding genes in the A. mediterranei genome shares the greatest number of orthologs with those of S. erythraea, it is unexpectedly followed by Streptomyces coelicolor rather than N. farcinica, indicating the distinct metabolic characteristics evolves via adaptation to diverse ecological niches. Besides a core region analogous to that common in streptomycetes, a novel 'quasi-core' with typical core characteristics is defined within the non-core region, where 21 out of the total 26 gene clusters for secondary metabolite production are located. The rifamycin biosynthesis gene cluster located in the core encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme essential for the conversion of rifamycin SV to B, revealed by comparing to the highly homologous cluster of the rifamycin B-producing strain S699 and further confirmed by genetic complementation. The genomic information of A. mediterranei demonstrates a metabolic network orchestrated not only for extensive utilization of various carbon sources and inorganic nitrogen compounds but also for effective funneling of metabolic intermediates into the secondary antibiotic synthesis process under the control of a seemingly complex regulatory mechanism. (adapted from PMID: 20567260). (EBI Integr8)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Actinobacteria
Class:Actinobacteria
Order:Actinomycetales
Family:Pseudonocardiaceae
Genus:Amycolatopsis
Species:mediterranei
Strain U32
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (01-APR-2010) Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for
(30-JUN-2010) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site NA
Isolation country NA
Number of replicons 1
Gram staining properties Positive
Shape Filamentous
Mobility No
Flagellar presence No
Number of membranes 1
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat NA
Biotic relationship NA
Host name NA
Cell arrangement NA
Sporulation NA
Metabolism NA
Energy source NA
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fructose and mannose metabolism
Galactose metabolism
Fatty acid metabolism
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation
Geraniol degradation
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine metabolism
Benzoate degradation
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
beta-Alanine metabolism
Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Glutathione metabolism
Starch and sucrose metabolism
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
Xylene degradation
Toluene degradation
Chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation
Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
Nitrotoluene degradation
Propanoate metabolism
Styrene degradation
Butanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Nitrogen metabolism
Sulfur metabolism
Caprolactam degradation
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of type II polyketide backbone