Moraxella catarrhalis RH4

Names Moraxella catarrhalis RH4
Accession numbers NC_014147
Background Moraxella catarrhalis (strain RH4) is an emerging human-restricted unencapsulated Gram-negative mucosal pathogen. Long considered to be a commensal of the upper respiratory tract, this bacterium has now firmly been established to be an etiological cause of otitis media (OM) and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is the third most common cause of childhood OM after Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and it is responsible for up to 20% of the cases. Further, M. catarrhalis is the second most common cause of exacerbations of COPD after H. influenzae; it is responsible for 10 to 15% of the exacerbations and annually causes 2 to 4 million episodes in the United States. M. catarrhalis is able to colonize the mucosal surfaces of the middle ear in OM patients and the lower respiratory tract in COPD patients. Successful colonization of the human host is a complex process which requires the expression of adhesins and the activation of metabolic pathways to overcome specific challenging environmental conditions, such as nutrient limitation. M. catarrhalis also possesses several mechanisms for evasion of the host immune system, such as the ability to withstand the action of the human complement system. Importantly, most clinical isolates obtained from OM or COPD patients are able to survive complement-mediated killing by normal human serum. (Adapted from PMID: 20453089). (HAMAP: MORCR)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Gammaproteobacteria
Order:Pseudomonadales
Family:Moraxellaceae
Genus:Moraxella
Species:catarrhalis
Strain RH4
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (05-APR-2010) Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen 6525
(14-MAY-2010) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method 454
Isolation site Blood isolate from Denmark
Isolation country Denmark
Number of replicons 1
Gram staining properties Negative
Shape Cocci
Mobility No
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 2
Oxygen requirements Aerobic
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat HostAssociated
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name Homo sapiens
Cell arrangement NA
Sporulation NA
Metabolism NA
Energy source NA
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity Yes