Erwinia amylovora ATCC 49946
Names | Erwinia amylovora ATCC 49946 |
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Accession numbers | NC_013971, NC_013972, NC_013973 |
Background | The genus Erwinia currently contains both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria. E.amylovora is a pathogen which causes fire blight, a devastating disease of Rosaceae, which poses a major threat to apple, pear and quince. Fire blight can develop very rapidly and results in scorched symptoms which can kill an entire orchard in a year. The bacterium originated in North America and has spread to other continents; from Europe an eastward advance is threatening the native origin of apple germplasm in Central Asia. It is spread by flower-foraging insects, especially honeybees, in what is thought to be a passive association.This highly virulent strain, Ea273 (ATCC 49946), was isolated from a diseased apple tree (Malus pumila cv. Rhode Island Greening) in New York State. It is over 99.99% identical to a European isolate CFBP 1430 (ERWAC), suggesting there has been minimal evolution since the global dispersion of E.amylovora. There has however been a large-scale rearrangement of the genome resulting in a position exchange of 2 large portions of the chromosome. Additionally ERWAC has only the smaller plasmid (pEA29) associated with it. Interestingly 1 type III secretion system has high homology to the insect endosymbiont Sodalis glossidinius str. morsitans (SODGM) perhaps suggesting a closer insect association beyond the known passive dispersal. Comparison with pathogenic E.pyrifoliae and the epiphyte E.tasmaniensis will hopefully shed light on the mechanisms of virulence and host range and provide information to help combat this devastating pathogen (adapted from PMID 20118253 and 20192826). (HAMAP: ERWAE) |
Taxonomy | |
Kingdom: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
Order: | Enterobacteriales |
Family: | Enterobacteriaceae |
Genus: | Erwinia |
Species: | amylovora |
Strain | ATCC 49946 |
Complete | Yes |
Sequencing centre | (02-FEB-2010) Aslett M.A., Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Pathogen Sequencing Unit, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, (26-MAR-2010) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA |
Sequencing quality | Level 6: Finished |
Sequencing depth | NA |
Sequencing method | NA |
Isolation site | Plant-derived foodstuff (Apple, Malus pumila cv. Rhode Island Greening) |
Isolation country | USA |
Number of replicons | 3 |
Gram staining properties | Negative |
Shape | Bacilli |
Mobility | Yes |
Flagellar presence | Yes |
Number of membranes | 2 |
Oxygen requirements | Facultative |
Optimal temperature | NA |
Temperature range | Mesophilic |
Habitat | HostAssociated |
Biotic relationship | Free living |
Host name | NA |
Cell arrangement | NA |
Sporulation | Nonsporulating |
Metabolism | NA |
Energy source | NA |
Diseases | NA |
Pathogenicity | No |
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fatty acid metabolism
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Glutathione metabolism
Starch and sucrose metabolism
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Fatty acid metabolism
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Arginine and proline metabolism
Histidine metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Glutathione metabolism
Starch and sucrose metabolism
Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
Pyruvate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis