Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180

Allochromatium_vinosum
Names Allochromatium vinosum DSM 180
Accession numbers NC_013851, NC_013852, NC_013862
Background An environmentally abundant anoxygenic purple sulfur bacterium occurring not only in pelagic communities but also in littoral sediments like sandy beaches, salt marches and intertidal mud flats; this strain was isolated from ditch water. It is anoxygenically photosynthetic, and depends on reduced inorganic sulfur compounds originating from anaerobic degradation of organic carbon and concomitant sulfide production by sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria. The reducing equivalents in sulfide therefore ultimately stem from carbon already fixed by oxygenic photosynthesis and capture of light energy by anoxygenic photosynthesis compensates for the loss of organic carbon in the anaerobic food chain. A. vinosum store sulfur globules inside of the cells when oxidizing sulfide or thiosulfate. They have this trait in common with a large number of environmentally important chemotrophic sulfur oxidizers like Beggiatoa and with sulfur-oxdizing bacterial symbionts of marine animals like Riftia pachyptila. On a biochemical level, oxidative sulfur metabolism of A. vinosum is among the best studied of all bacteria and the organism therefore already serves as a model for sulfur-storing bacteria. Purple sulfur bacteria fix carbon along the Calvin cycle. Dense accumulations of phototropic sulfur bacteria can feed organic carbon (which would otherwise be lost) into the carbon cycle of toxic water or sediment layers. The role of purple sulfur bacteria in these globally important processes has so far been largely underestimated and not been well studied (adapted from http://genome.jgi-psf.org/allvi/allvi.home.html). (EBI Integr8)
Taxonomy
Kingdom:Bacteria
Phylum:Proteobacteria
Class:Gammaproteobacteria
Order:Chromatiales
Family:Chromatiaceae
Genus:Allochromatium
Species:vinosum
Strain DSM 180
Complete Yes
Sequencing centre (01-FEB-2010) US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive B310, Walnut Creek, CA 94598-1698, USA
(17-FEB-2010) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
Sequencing quality Level 6: Finished
Sequencing depth NA
Sequencing method NA
Isolation site Ditch water
Isolation country NA
Number of replicons 3
Gram staining properties Negative
Shape Bacilli
Mobility No
Flagellar presence Yes
Number of membranes 2
Oxygen requirements Facultative
Optimal temperature NA
Temperature range Mesophilic
Habitat Aquatic
Biotic relationship Free living
Host name NA
Cell arrangement NA
Sporulation Nonsporulating
Metabolism Sulfur oxidizer
Energy source Phototroph
Diseases NA
Pathogenicity No