Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032

Names | Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 |
---|---|
Accession numbers | NC_003450, NC_006958 |
Background | Coryneform bacteria are rod-shaped, fast growing, non-sporulating Gram-positive bacteria that enjoy widespread distribution. One of the non-pathogenic species of coryneform bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum, was discovered in the 1950s in Japan as natural producer of glutamic acid. It is now produced by direct fermentation used for industrial production of amino acids which are used as flavour enhancers in food.Corynebacterium glutamicum is of high industrial interest as a research object because it is used by the chemical industry for the biotechnological production of the amino acid lysine. The substance is employed as a source of protein in animal nutrition. Lysine is one of the essential amino acids in animal nutrition. Biotechnologically produced lysine is added to feed concentrates as a source of protein, and is an alternative to soybeans or meat and bonemeal. In 2000, more than 450,000 metric tons of lysine were sold worldwide, representing a value of about 660 million Euros. (From http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria.html) (BacMap) |
Taxonomy | |
Kingdom: | Bacteria |
Phylum: | Actinobacteria |
Class: | Actinobacteria |
Order: | Actinomycetales |
Family: | Corynebacteriaceae |
Genus: | Corynebacterium |
Species: | glutamicum |
Strain | ATCC 13032 |
Complete | Yes |
Sequencing centre | (07-APR-2005) National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA (21-JAN-2004) Institut fuer Genomforschung, Universitaet Bielefeld, Universitaetsstrasse 25, Bielefeld 33615, Germany |
Sequencing quality | Level 6: Finished |
Sequencing depth | NA |
Sequencing method | NA |
Isolation site | 1957 by S. Kinoshita and colleagues while searching for an efficient glutamate-producer |
Isolation country | NA |
Number of replicons | 2 |
Gram staining properties | Positive |
Shape | Bacilli |
Mobility | No |
Flagellar presence | No |
Number of membranes | 1 |
Oxygen requirements | Facultative |
Optimal temperature | 30.0 |
Temperature range | Mesophilic |
Habitat | Multiple |
Biotic relationship | Free living |
Host name | NA |
Cell arrangement | Singles |
Sporulation | Nonsporulating |
Metabolism | NA |
Energy source | Chemoorganotroph |
Diseases | None |
Pathogenicity | No |
Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Bisphenol degradation
Fluorobenzoate degradation
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
Toluene degradation
Propanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis
Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
Pentose phosphate pathway
Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies
Ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis
Purine metabolism
Pyrimidine metabolism
Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
Cysteine and methionine metabolism
Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
Lysine biosynthesis
Histidine metabolism
Bisphenol degradation
Fluorobenzoate degradation
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Selenocompound metabolism
D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism
D-Alanine metabolism
Streptomycin biosynthesis
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis
Pyruvate metabolism
Toluene degradation
Propanoate metabolism
C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism
One carbon pool by folate
Thiamine metabolism
Riboflavin metabolism
Vitamin B6 metabolism
Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism
Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
Biotin metabolism
Lipoic acid metabolism
Folate biosynthesis
Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
Sulfur metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis