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The map label for this gene is ppdK [H]

Identifier: 118579081

GI number: 118579081

Start: 679132

End: 681870

Strand: Direct

Name: ppdK [H]

Synonym: Ppro_0642

Alternate gene names: 118579081

Gene position: 679132-681870 (Clockwise)

Preceding gene: 118579080

Following gene: 118579082

Centisome position: 16.94

GC content: 59.44

Gene sequence:

>2739_bases
ATGACGAGAAAATGGGTGTACCTGTTCGATGAACTGGACCAGGCATCGAGCTACGTCGGTGGAAAATGGGATAATGTGCG
GGGGTTGTTGGGGGGCAAGGGCGCAAACCTGGCGGAAATGACCAGGATCGGCCTGCCGGTGCCTCCCGGATTTACCGTCA
CGACCGAGGCTTGTAACGCCTATCTGGACGCTGGAATGGCTTTCCCCGAAGATATGTGGCAGCAGGAACTCGCCGCACTG
GCCGAGGTGGAGAAGAAGACCGGCAAGAAATTCGGCGATCCGGGCAACCCCCTGCTTGTATCCTGCCGCTCAGGGGCCAA
GTTCTCCATGCCGGGCATGATGGATACGGTTCTCAACATCGGGCTGAACGAGGAGACAGTCCAGAGCATGATCAAAAGCA
CGGGGGATGCGCGCTTTGTCTATGATTCCTACCGCCGGCTGATACAGATGTTCGGATCCGTGGTAATGGGTGTTCCCGAT
GAACCGTTCGAGGAGGTCATTACCGAAGTACGTAAAAAACGCCGGGTAAAGAGCGACGCCGAACTGACCGCCGAAGATTG
GATGAGCATTGGCGAACGCTTCAGGGATATTTTCCGCCGCTACAACCGCATAGATTTTCCGACCGATCCGCTGGAACAGC
TGCGGTTGGCCACCGAGGCGGTATTCAAATCCTGGAACGGCAAGCGGGCTATCGACTACCGTAACGCTGCAAAAATAGCC
CATGACCTTGGCACGGCGGTGAACATCCAGACCATGGTCTTTGGCAATATGGGAAACGACAGCGCCACCGGTGTTGCCAT
GACACGCAATGCGACCACGGGGGAGAAGAGGATCGAGGGCGACTACCTGATTAACGCCCAGGGAGAGGATGTTGTTGCCG
GTATCCGTGCCACCGACCCGGTGGAGAAGATGGCCCAGACCATGCCGGCATCCTGGGAACAGTTTGTTGAAATCACCCGT
ATCCTCGAAAAGCATTACCGCAACATGCAGGACGTGGAATTCACCGTGGAACGGGGCAAGCTCTGGATGCTGCAGACCCG
CGATGGCAAACGCACAGCCCAGGCTTCCGTCCGCATAGCCGTCGAGATGGTGGACGAGGGGCTTATATCCAGCGAGGAAG
CGGTCATGCGCGTGACTCCCGAACAGGTGGACTTCTTCCTGCATCCCCAGTTCAATCCGCACTCAAAGAAAGCCGCCGGT
GCGGAGGGGCGTCTGCTGGCCAGCGGTCTGAACGTGTCTCCCGGAGCCGCCGTGGGCATGGTTGCCTTTGACGCTGACCT
TGCCGAAGCCTGGGCGAAGAAGGAGGGGAAAAAGGTTGTCATGGTCAGGCCCGAAACAAAGCCAGACGACGTGCATGGCA
TGCTCGCAGCCGAAGGGATCCTGACCAGTCGCGGCGGACGCACGAGCCATGCGGCCCTCGTCGCACGCCAGTTCGGCAAG
CCGGCCGTGGTCGGTGTTGCCGCCCTTGAGATAGACATGTCCCAGCGCCTGATGATCGTGAAAGAGCAGGTGATCGAGGA
AGGGGACTGGATATCCATAGACGGGTCTACCGGTGAGGTGTTCCTGGGTCGGCTGGATACGATGGTGCCGGATATCTCTG
ATCCATGGCTGAAGCGCCTGCTCGTCATGGCCGACAGTTTCCGTCGACTGGGCGTCTGGGCCAACGCAGACTACCCCGAT
GACGCCAAGCGCGCGCGGGAGTACGGTGCCGGCGGCATCGGCCTTTGCCGCACCGAGCATATGTTTTTTCAGAGCGAGCG
GCTTTCCTTTGTGCAGAAGATGATCATGACCAACCAGCCGACGGAGCGCCGCGAGGCGCTGGATGCGTTGCTCCCCTTCC
AGCGAGAGGATTTCATCGGCCTGTTCCGTGCCATGCACGGTCTGCCGGTGATTATCCGCCTTATCGATCCTCCTCTGCAT
GAGTTTCTGCCGAACTACGAGTCGCTGATGACCGGGCTTGCCGACAACAAGATCCGTCTGCTGCGCGCCGCCAACCTGCA
CGAGATTGACGAACTGCTGCGCAAGATCGAGGATGACGAACATGTTCTCGGCCGCGTGCAGGACCTTCATGAGGCCAACC
CCATGCTCGGCCTGCGCGGTGTGCGTCTGGGTATCATGATGCCGGACCTGACCCAGATGCAGGTGCGGGCTATTTTCGAG
GCTGCCTGCCAATGCACGAAAGAGGGGATCGATGTGCATCCCGAGGTGATGATTCCGCTCACCAGCCATGTCAATGAACT
GAAGGTGCAGCGCGAGGCGCTGGAGGAGGTGGCCCGACAGGTGCTTGAGGAGCAGGGTGTCGTCATCGACTACAAGTTCG
GCACGATGATTGAGATACCGCGCGCGGCCCTGACCGCCGACGAGATCGCCGGTCATGCCCAGTTCTTCTCATTCGGTACC
AACGACCTGACCCAGACCACCTTTGGCATCAGCCGTGACGATGCAGAGAAAGGGTTTCTTATCGATTACATCCAGTCCGG
CATCCTCCCGGATAACCCGTTTGAGACGATCGACCGGAATGGTGTGGCGCAGTTGATGGCAATCGGCGTCGAGCGTGGTA
GGAAGACCCGTCCCGGGCTTGAAGTCGGCATCTGTGGCGAGCATGGGGGCGATCCCAAGTCCATTGCCATCTGTCACGAA
CTGGGGCTCAATTACGTCAGCTGTTCACCGTTCCGGGTGCCGATTGCGCGCCTGGCGGCTGCCCAGGCGGCACTTCGTGA
GAGGATGACGGATGGCTAG

Upstream 100 bases:

>100_bases
GTGGTTGCATAATGGAAAATCAACGTTACAGTTGTGAATGAGTTTTTCCTAACTGCAAAGGAATGAGTACGCCAAATACT
GCTACGGAGGCATGAATGCT

Downstream 100 bases:

>100_bases
GTGTTGAAGCCGTCAATTACCCGGTTCTGGCTTACATCTGCCTGCTGTTGGCGCTACAGGGACTATGGGGGGAACCTGGC
TGGGATTCTCTGCCTGCAAC

Product: pyruvate phosphate dikinase

Products: NA

Alternate protein names: Pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase [H]

Number of amino acids: Translated: 912; Mature: 911

Protein sequence:

>912_residues
MTRKWVYLFDELDQASSYVGGKWDNVRGLLGGKGANLAEMTRIGLPVPPGFTVTTEACNAYLDAGMAFPEDMWQQELAAL
AEVEKKTGKKFGDPGNPLLVSCRSGAKFSMPGMMDTVLNIGLNEETVQSMIKSTGDARFVYDSYRRLIQMFGSVVMGVPD
EPFEEVITEVRKKRRVKSDAELTAEDWMSIGERFRDIFRRYNRIDFPTDPLEQLRLATEAVFKSWNGKRAIDYRNAAKIA
HDLGTAVNIQTMVFGNMGNDSATGVAMTRNATTGEKRIEGDYLINAQGEDVVAGIRATDPVEKMAQTMPASWEQFVEITR
ILEKHYRNMQDVEFTVERGKLWMLQTRDGKRTAQASVRIAVEMVDEGLISSEEAVMRVTPEQVDFFLHPQFNPHSKKAAG
AEGRLLASGLNVSPGAAVGMVAFDADLAEAWAKKEGKKVVMVRPETKPDDVHGMLAAEGILTSRGGRTSHAALVARQFGK
PAVVGVAALEIDMSQRLMIVKEQVIEEGDWISIDGSTGEVFLGRLDTMVPDISDPWLKRLLVMADSFRRLGVWANADYPD
DAKRAREYGAGGIGLCRTEHMFFQSERLSFVQKMIMTNQPTERREALDALLPFQREDFIGLFRAMHGLPVIIRLIDPPLH
EFLPNYESLMTGLADNKIRLLRAANLHEIDELLRKIEDDEHVLGRVQDLHEANPMLGLRGVRLGIMMPDLTQMQVRAIFE
AACQCTKEGIDVHPEVMIPLTSHVNELKVQREALEEVARQVLEEQGVVIDYKFGTMIEIPRAALTADEIAGHAQFFSFGT
NDLTQTTFGISRDDAEKGFLIDYIQSGILPDNPFETIDRNGVAQLMAIGVERGRKTRPGLEVGICGEHGGDPKSIAICHE
LGLNYVSCSPFRVPIARLAAAQAALRERMTDG

Sequences:

>Translated_912_residues
MTRKWVYLFDELDQASSYVGGKWDNVRGLLGGKGANLAEMTRIGLPVPPGFTVTTEACNAYLDAGMAFPEDMWQQELAAL
AEVEKKTGKKFGDPGNPLLVSCRSGAKFSMPGMMDTVLNIGLNEETVQSMIKSTGDARFVYDSYRRLIQMFGSVVMGVPD
EPFEEVITEVRKKRRVKSDAELTAEDWMSIGERFRDIFRRYNRIDFPTDPLEQLRLATEAVFKSWNGKRAIDYRNAAKIA
HDLGTAVNIQTMVFGNMGNDSATGVAMTRNATTGEKRIEGDYLINAQGEDVVAGIRATDPVEKMAQTMPASWEQFVEITR
ILEKHYRNMQDVEFTVERGKLWMLQTRDGKRTAQASVRIAVEMVDEGLISSEEAVMRVTPEQVDFFLHPQFNPHSKKAAG
AEGRLLASGLNVSPGAAVGMVAFDADLAEAWAKKEGKKVVMVRPETKPDDVHGMLAAEGILTSRGGRTSHAALVARQFGK
PAVVGVAALEIDMSQRLMIVKEQVIEEGDWISIDGSTGEVFLGRLDTMVPDISDPWLKRLLVMADSFRRLGVWANADYPD
DAKRAREYGAGGIGLCRTEHMFFQSERLSFVQKMIMTNQPTERREALDALLPFQREDFIGLFRAMHGLPVIIRLIDPPLH
EFLPNYESLMTGLADNKIRLLRAANLHEIDELLRKIEDDEHVLGRVQDLHEANPMLGLRGVRLGIMMPDLTQMQVRAIFE
AACQCTKEGIDVHPEVMIPLTSHVNELKVQREALEEVARQVLEEQGVVIDYKFGTMIEIPRAALTADEIAGHAQFFSFGT
NDLTQTTFGISRDDAEKGFLIDYIQSGILPDNPFETIDRNGVAQLMAIGVERGRKTRPGLEVGICGEHGGDPKSIAICHE
LGLNYVSCSPFRVPIARLAAAQAALRERMTDG
>Mature_911_residues
TRKWVYLFDELDQASSYVGGKWDNVRGLLGGKGANLAEMTRIGLPVPPGFTVTTEACNAYLDAGMAFPEDMWQQELAALA
EVEKKTGKKFGDPGNPLLVSCRSGAKFSMPGMMDTVLNIGLNEETVQSMIKSTGDARFVYDSYRRLIQMFGSVVMGVPDE
PFEEVITEVRKKRRVKSDAELTAEDWMSIGERFRDIFRRYNRIDFPTDPLEQLRLATEAVFKSWNGKRAIDYRNAAKIAH
DLGTAVNIQTMVFGNMGNDSATGVAMTRNATTGEKRIEGDYLINAQGEDVVAGIRATDPVEKMAQTMPASWEQFVEITRI
LEKHYRNMQDVEFTVERGKLWMLQTRDGKRTAQASVRIAVEMVDEGLISSEEAVMRVTPEQVDFFLHPQFNPHSKKAAGA
EGRLLASGLNVSPGAAVGMVAFDADLAEAWAKKEGKKVVMVRPETKPDDVHGMLAAEGILTSRGGRTSHAALVARQFGKP
AVVGVAALEIDMSQRLMIVKEQVIEEGDWISIDGSTGEVFLGRLDTMVPDISDPWLKRLLVMADSFRRLGVWANADYPDD
AKRAREYGAGGIGLCRTEHMFFQSERLSFVQKMIMTNQPTERREALDALLPFQREDFIGLFRAMHGLPVIIRLIDPPLHE
FLPNYESLMTGLADNKIRLLRAANLHEIDELLRKIEDDEHVLGRVQDLHEANPMLGLRGVRLGIMMPDLTQMQVRAIFEA
ACQCTKEGIDVHPEVMIPLTSHVNELKVQREALEEVARQVLEEQGVVIDYKFGTMIEIPRAALTADEIAGHAQFFSFGTN
DLTQTTFGISRDDAEKGFLIDYIQSGILPDNPFETIDRNGVAQLMAIGVERGRKTRPGLEVGICGEHGGDPKSIAICHEL
GLNYVSCSPFRVPIARLAAAQAALRERMTDG

Specific function: Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of pyruvate and phosphate [H]

COG id: COG0574

COG function: function code G; Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase/pyruvate phosphate dikinase

Gene ontology:

Cell location: Cytoplasm [C]

Metaboloic importance: Non_Essential [C]

Operon status: Not Known

Operon components: None

Similarity: Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family [H]

Homologues:

Organism=Escherichia coli, GI1787994, Length=735, Percent_Identity=25.4421768707483, Blast_Score=108, Evalue=2e-24,
Organism=Escherichia coli, GI1788756, Length=452, Percent_Identity=24.3362831858407, Blast_Score=102, Evalue=9e-23,
Organism=Escherichia coli, GI1789193, Length=444, Percent_Identity=22.972972972973, Blast_Score=89, Evalue=1e-18,
Organism=Escherichia coli, GI48994992, Length=219, Percent_Identity=30.5936073059361, Blast_Score=77, Evalue=7e-15,
Organism=Escherichia coli, GI1788726, Length=213, Percent_Identity=27.2300469483568, Blast_Score=70, Evalue=5e-13,

Paralogues:

None

Copy number: NA

Swissprot (AC and ID): NA

Other databases:

- InterPro:   IPR013815
- InterPro:   IPR013816
- InterPro:   IPR008279
- InterPro:   IPR018274
- InterPro:   IPR023151
- InterPro:   IPR000121
- InterPro:   IPR002192
- InterPro:   IPR010121
- InterPro:   IPR015813 [H]

Pfam domain/function: PF00391 PEP-utilizers; PF02896 PEP-utilizers_C; PF01326 PPDK_N [H]

EC number: =2.7.9.1 [H]

Molecular weight: Translated: 101346; Mature: 101215

Theoretical pI: Translated: 5.12; Mature: 5.12

Prosite motif: PS00370 PEP_ENZYMES_PHOS_SITE ; PS00742 PEP_ENZYMES_2

Important sites: NA

Signals:

None

Transmembrane regions:

None

Cys/Met content:

0.9 %Cys     (Translated Protein)
4.4 %Met     (Translated Protein)
5.3 %Cys+Met (Translated Protein)
0.9 %Cys     (Mature Protein)
4.3 %Met     (Mature Protein)
5.2 %Cys+Met (Mature Protein)

Secondary structure:

>Translated Secondary Structure
MTRKWVYLFDELDQASSYVGGKWDNVRGLLGGKGANLAEMTRIGLPVPPGFTVTTEACNA
CCCEEEEHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEEHHHHHH
YLDAGMAFPEDMWQQELAALAEVEKKTGKKFGDPGNPLLVSCRSGAKFSMPGMMDTVLNI
HHHCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHC
GLNEETVQSMIKSTGDARFVYDSYRRLIQMFGSVVMGVPDEPFEEVITEVRKKRRVKSDA
CCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCC
ELTAEDWMSIGERFRDIFRRYNRIDFPTDPLEQLRLATEAVFKSWNGKRAIDYRNAAKIA
CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEECHHHHHHHH
HDLGTAVNIQTMVFGNMGNDSATGVAMTRNATTGEKRIEGDYLINAQGEDVVAGIRATDP
HHHCCCEEEEEEEEECCCCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCCCCEEECCCCCCH
VEKMAQTMPASWEQFVEITRILEKHYRNMQDVEFTVERGKLWMLQTRDGKRTAQASVRIA
HHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEEECCCEEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHH
VEMVDEGLISSEEAVMRVTPEQVDFFLHPQFNPHSKKAAGAEGRLLASGLNVSPGAAVGM
HHHHHCCCCCCCCHHEEECHHHCCEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCCCCCCCEEEE
VAFDADLAEAWAKKEGKKVVMVRPETKPDDVHGMLAAEGILTSRGGRTSHAALVARQFGK
EEECHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCC
PAVVGVAALEIDMSQRLMIVKEQVIEEGDWISIDGSTGEVFLGRLDTMVPDISDPWLKRL
CCEEEEEEEEECHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHH
LVMADSFRRLGVWANADYPDDAKRAREYGAGGIGLCRTEHMFFQSERLSFVQKMIMTNQP
HHHHHHHHHCCEEECCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCC
TERREALDALLPFQREDFIGLFRAMHGLPVIIRLIDPPLHEFLPNYESLMTGLADNKIRL
HHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEECCCCCHHHHCCCHHHHHHHCCCCCEEE
LRAANLHEIDELLRKIEDDEHVLGRVQDLHEANPMLGLRGVRLGIMMPDLTQMQVRAIFE
EHHCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEEEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHH
AACQCTKEGIDVHPEVMIPLTSHVNELKVQREALEEVARQVLEEQGVVIDYKFGTMIEIP
HHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEEEHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEECCCEEECC
RAALTADEIAGHAQFFSFGTNDLTQTTFGISRDDAEKGFLIDYIQSGILPDNPFETIDRN
HHHHHHHHHHCHHHHEECCCCCHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHCCC
GVAQLMAIGVERGRKTRPGLEVGICGEHGGDPKSIAICHELGLNYVSCSPFRVPIARLAA
HHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCEEECCCCHHHHHHHHH
AQAALRERMTDG
HHHHHHHHCCCC
>Mature Secondary Structure 
TRKWVYLFDELDQASSYVGGKWDNVRGLLGGKGANLAEMTRIGLPVPPGFTVTTEACNA
CCEEEEHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEEHHHHHH
YLDAGMAFPEDMWQQELAALAEVEKKTGKKFGDPGNPLLVSCRSGAKFSMPGMMDTVLNI
HHHCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHC
GLNEETVQSMIKSTGDARFVYDSYRRLIQMFGSVVMGVPDEPFEEVITEVRKKRRVKSDA
CCCHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCC
ELTAEDWMSIGERFRDIFRRYNRIDFPTDPLEQLRLATEAVFKSWNGKRAIDYRNAAKIA
CCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCEEECHHHHHHHH
HDLGTAVNIQTMVFGNMGNDSATGVAMTRNATTGEKRIEGDYLINAQGEDVVAGIRATDP
HHHCCCEEEEEEEEECCCCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCCCCEEECCCCCCH
VEKMAQTMPASWEQFVEITRILEKHYRNMQDVEFTVERGKLWMLQTRDGKRTAQASVRIA
HHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCEEEEECCCEEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHH
VEMVDEGLISSEEAVMRVTPEQVDFFLHPQFNPHSKKAAGAEGRLLASGLNVSPGAAVGM
HHHHHCCCCCCCCHHEEECHHHCCEEECCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCEEECCCCCCCCCEEEE
VAFDADLAEAWAKKEGKKVVMVRPETKPDDVHGMLAAEGILTSRGGRTSHAALVARQFGK
EEECHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCHHCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHCCC
PAVVGVAALEIDMSQRLMIVKEQVIEEGDWISIDGSTGEVFLGRLDTMVPDISDPWLKRL
CCEEEEEEEEECHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEEECCCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHH
LVMADSFRRLGVWANADYPDDAKRAREYGAGGIGLCRTEHMFFQSERLSFVQKMIMTNQP
HHHHHHHHHCCEEECCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCC
TERREALDALLPFQREDFIGLFRAMHGLPVIIRLIDPPLHEFLPNYESLMTGLADNKIRL
HHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCEEEECCCCCHHHHCCCHHHHHHHCCCCCEEE
LRAANLHEIDELLRKIEDDEHVLGRVQDLHEANPMLGLRGVRLGIMMPDLTQMQVRAIFE
EHHCCHHHHHHHHHHCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEEEEECCCHHHHHHHHHHH
AACQCTKEGIDVHPEVMIPLTSHVNELKVQREALEEVARQVLEEQGVVIDYKFGTMIEIP
HHHHHHHCCCCCCCEEEEEHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCEEEEECCCEEECC
RAALTADEIAGHAQFFSFGTNDLTQTTFGISRDDAEKGFLIDYIQSGILPDNPFETIDRN
HHHHHHHHHHCHHHHEECCCCCHHHHHCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCHHHHCCC
GVAQLMAIGVERGRKTRPGLEVGICGEHGGDPKSIAICHELGLNYVSCSPFRVPIARLAA
HHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCCEEEECCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHCCCEEECCCCHHHHHHHHH
AQAALRERMTDG
HHHHHHHHCCCC

PDB accession: NA

Resolution: NA

Structure class: Unstructured

Cofactors: NA

Metal ions: NA

Kcat value (1/min): NA

Specific activity: NA

Km value (mM): NA

Substrates: NA

Specific reaction: NA

General reaction: NA

Inhibitor: NA

Structure determination priority: 9.0

TargetDB status: NA

Availability: NA

References: 11481430; 9168612 [H]